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Deductive reasoning
The system that is used to make a deduction that is stored in the database is called deductive database. To specify queries, facts and rules it uses datalog as the typical language.
A deductive database system is a database system that contains so-called deductive rules like connected(x,y) :- connected(x,z),connected(z,y). See also the Wikipedia entry on Datalog.
This is called deductive reasoning.
You are using deductive logic.