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Can you have multiple schema master or multiple PDC emulators in the same domain or forest?
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If Shifu is called master shifu in Chinese wouldn't that make him called shifu shifu which means master master in English since shifu means master?
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When you are the administrator of an active directory forest that contains a forest root domain with three child domain how many of each FSMO does this forest contain?
1 Domain Naming Master, 1 Schema Master, 1 PDC Emulator, 1 Infrastructure Master, 1 RID Master
What happens if GC and infrastructure master are on same DC in active directory?
If you only have one domain in your forest, nothing will be wrong. If you do however have multiple domains in you forest, and you put your GC and infrastructure master on the same machine, things can go horribly wrong. This is because GC and Infrastructure Master use the same NTDS.dit file, changes will be changed by GC and Infrastructure Master checks the NTDS.dit and doesn't see any change, because GC already changed the NTDS.dit Only way you can run GC and infrastructure Master on the same machine in a multiple domain forest is to enable GC on all domain controllers... greets
Which of the following roles are forest-wide roles?
schema master and domain naming master
How many types of Domain controller?
The domain controller is only of one type but it can have different roles Domain Naming master RID master PDC Schema Master Infrastructure master Schema master (forest wide): The Schema Master controls all updates to the Schema within the forest. Domain Naming Master (forest wide): The Domain Naming Master role is responsible for the creation and deletion of domains in the forest. PDC Emulator (domain wide): The PDC emulator role provides backwards compatability for Windows NT backup domain controllers (BDCs), the PDC emulator advertises itself as the primary domain controller for the domain. It also acts as the domain master browser and maintains the latest password for all users within the domain. Infrastructure Master (domain wide): The Infrastructure Manager role is responsible for updating references from objects within its domain with objects in other domains. RID Master (domain wide): The RID Master manages the Security Identifier (SID) for every object within the
What are the two forest level FSMO roles?
Domain naming master - rid
What is RID master?
What is the RID Master role? The RID Master is one of the operations master roles that exist in each domain in a forest. It controls the sequence number for the domain controllers within a domain. It provides a unique sequence of RIDs to each domain controller in a domain. When a domain controller creates a new object, the object is assigned a unique security ID consisting of a combination of a domain SID and a RID. The domain SID is a constant ID, whereas the RID is assigned to each object by the domain controller. The domain controller receives the RIDs from the RID Master. When the domain controller has used all the RIDs provided by the RID Master, it requests the RID Master to issue more RIDs for creating additional objects in the domain. When a domain controller exhausts its pool of RIDs, and the RID Master is unavailable, any new object in the domain cannot be created
What are FMSO Servers?
Flexible Single Master Operations servers. They are servers that every Active Directory needs that serve a single purpose. Here are the FSMO servers: Schema Master Domain Naming Master Infrastructure Master Relative ID Master PDC Emulator Those are the five FSMO server rolls that get assigned to 1 or more domain controllers in each domain. Schema and Domain Naming Master will have only 1 server per AD Forest.
What is infrastructure master?
The infrastructure masters job is to compare objects of the local domain against objects in other domains of the same forest. If the server holding the infrastructure master is also a global catalog it won't ever see any differences, since the global catalog holds a partitial copy of every object in the forest itself. Therefore the infrastructure master won't do anything in its domain. However if every DC in the Domain is also global catalog server there's no job for the IM since the GC already knows about the objects of other domains. So if you look at the job the IM has to do, it's pretty clear that it may reside on a GC if it's a single domain forest (no need to pull updates from other domains). It's also pretty clear that it may reside on a GC if it's in a multiple domain forest but every DC in the domain where the IM runs on the GC are also GCs (no need to pull updates since the GC knows everything).
What is multiple-master replication?
Single-master replication can make it difficult for administrators to manage Active Directory objects, especially if they are located in remote offices and must work over a slow wide area network (WAN) link. To address this problem, Active Directory uses multiple-master replication, in which it is possible to make changes to domain objects on any domain controller, which replicates those changes to all of the other domain controllers.
Does a domain name contains a master domain?
The master domain name is top level domain name. The Domain Master Browser is necessary on a routed TCP/IP network, that is, when a Windows domain spans more than one TCP/IP network.............
The hierarchical structure of Active Directory is made of the following main components?
It is a hierarchical representation of all the objects and their attributes available on the network. It enables administrators to manage the network resources, i.e., computers, users, printers, shared folders, etc., in an easy way. The logical structure represented by Active Directory consists of forests, trees, domains, organizational units, and individual objects. This structure is completely independent from the physical structure of the network, and allows administrators to manage domains according to the organizational needs without bothering about the physical network structure. Following is the description of all logical components of the Active Directory structure: Forest: A forest is the outermost boundary of an Active Directory structure. It is a group of multiple domain trees that share a common schema but do not form a contiguous namespace. It is created when the first Active Directory-based computer is installed on a network. There is at least one forest on a network. The first domain in a forest is called a root domain. It controls the schema and domain naming for the entire forest. It can be separately removed from the forest. Administrators can create multiple forests and then create trust relationships between specific domains in those forests, depending upon the organizational needs. Trees: A hierarchical structure of multiple domains organized in the Active Directory forest is referred to as a tree. It consists of a root domain and several child domains. The first domain created in a tree becomes the root domain. Any domain added to the root domain becomes its child, and the root domain becomes its parent. The parent-child hierarchy continues until the terminal node is reached. All domains in a tree share a common schema, which is defined at the forest level. Depending upon the organizational needs, multiple domain trees can be included in a forest. Domains: A domain is the basic organizational structure of a Windows Server 2003 networking model. It logically organizes the resources on a network and defines a security boundary in Active Directory. The directory may contain more than one domain, and each domain follows its own security policy and trust relationships with other domains. Almost all the organizations having a large network use domain type of networking model to enhance network security and enable administrators to efficiently manage the entire network. Objects: Active Directory stores all network resources in the form of objects in a hierarchical structure of containers and subcontainers, thereby making them easily accessible and manageable. Each object class consists of several attributes. Whenever a new object is created for a particular class, it automatically inherits all attributes from its member class. Although the Windows Server 2003 Active Directory defines its default set of objects, administrators can modify it according to the organizational needs. Organizational Unit (OU): It is the least abstract component of the Windows Server 2003 Active Directory. It works as a container into which resources of a domain can be placed. Its logical structure is similar to an organization's functional structure. It allows creating administrative boundaries in a domain by delegating separate administrative tasks to the administrators on the domain. Administrators can create multiple Organizational Units in the network. They can also create nesting of OUs, which means that other OUs can be created within an OU. In a large complex network, the Active Directory service provides a single point of management for the administrators by placing all the network resources at a single place. It allows administrators to effectively delegate administrative tasks as well as facilitate fast searching of network resources. It is easily scalable, i.e., administrators can add a large number of resources to it without having additional administrative burden. It is accomplished by partitioning the directory database, distributing it across other domains, and establishing trust relationships, thereby providing users with benefits of decentralization, and at the same time, maintaining the centralized administration. The physical network infrastructure of Active Directory is far too simple as compared to its logical structure. The physical components are domain controllers and sites. Domain Controller: A Windows 2003 server on which Active Directory services are installed and run is called a domain controller. A domain controller locally resolves queries for information about objects in its domain. A domain can have multiple domain controllers. Each domain controller in a domain follows the multimaster model by having a complete replica of the domain's directory partition. In this model, every domain controller holds a master copy of its directory partition. Administrators can use any of the domain controllers to modify the Active Directory database. The changes performed by the administrators are automatically replicated to other domain controllers in the domain. However, there are some operations that do not follow the multimaster model. Active Directory handles these operations and assigns them to a single domain controller to be accomplished. Such a domain controller is referred to as operations master. The operations master performs several roles, which can be forest-wide as well as domain-wide. Forest-wide roles: There are two types of forest-wide roles: Schema Master and Domain Naming Master. The Schema Master is responsible for maintaining the schema and distributing it to the entire forest. The Domain Naming Master is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the forest by recording additions of domains to and deletions of domains from the forest. When new domains are to be added to a forest, the Domain Naming Master role is queried. In the absence of this role, new domains cannot be added. Domain-wide roles: There are three types of domain-wide roles: RID Master, PDC Emulator, and Infrastructure Master. RID Master: The RID Master is one of the operations master roles that exist in each domain in a forest. It controls the sequence number for the domain controllers within a domain. It provides a unique sequence of RIDs to each domain controller in a domain. When a domain controller creates a new object, the object is assigned a unique security ID consisting of a combination of a domain SID and a RID. The domain SID is a constant ID, whereas the RID is assigned to each object by the domain controller. The domain controller receives the RIDs from the RID Master. When the domain controller has used all the RIDs provided by the RID Master, it requests the RID Master to issue more RIDs for creating additional objects within the domain. When a domain controller exhausts its pool of RIDs, and the RID Master is unavailable, any new object in the domain cannot be created. PDC Emulator: The PDC emulator is one of the five operations master roles in Active Directory. It is used in a domain containing non-Active Directory computers. It processes the password changes from both users and computers, replicates those updates to backup domain controllers, and runs the Domain Master browser. When a domain user requests a domain controller for authentication, and the domain controller is unable to authenticate the user due to bad password, the request is forwarded to the PDC emulator. The PDC emulator then verifies the password, and if it finds the updated entry for the requested password, it authenticates the request. Infrastructure Master: The Infrastructure Master role is one of the Operations Master roles in Active Directory. It functions at the domain level and exists in each domain in the forest. It maintains all inter-domain object references by updating references from the objects in its domain to the objects in other domains. It performs a very important role in a multiple domain environment. It compares its data with that of a Global Catalog, which always has up-to-date information about the objects of all domains. When the Infrastructure Master finds data that is obsolete, it requests the global catalog for its updated version. If the updated data is available in the global catalog, the Infrastructure Master extracts and replicates the updated data to all the other domain controllers in the domain. Domain controllers can also be assigned the role of a Global Catalog server. A Global Catalog is a special Active Directory database that stores a full replica of the directory for its host domain and the partial replica of the directories of other domains in a forest. It is created by default on the initial domain controller in the forest. It performs the following primary functions regarding logon capabilities and queries within Active Directory: It enables network logon by providing universal group membership information to a domain controller when a logon request is initiated. It enables finding directory information about all the domains in an Active Directory forest. A Global Catalog is required to log on to a network within a multidomain environment. By providing universal group membership information, it greatly improves the response time for queries. In its absence, a user will be allowed to log on only to his local domain if his user account is external to the local domain. Site: A site is a group of domain controllers that exist on different IP subnets and are connected via a fast and reliable network connection. A network may contain multiple sites connected by a WAN link. Sites are used to control replication traffic, which may occur within a site or between sites. Replication within a site is referred to as intrasite replication, and that between sites is referred to as intersite replication. Since all domain controllers within a site are generally connected by a fast LAN connection, the intrasite replication is always in uncompressed form. Any changes made in the domain are quickly replicated to the other domain controllers. Since sites are connected to each other via a WAN connection, the intersite replication always occurs in compressed form. Therefore, it is slower than the intrasite replication
What is the difference betweena single-master and a multi-master domain replication model?
Multi-master replication is a method of database replication which allows data to be stored by a group of computers, and updated by any member of the group.The multi-master replication system is responsible for propagating the data modifications made by each member to the rest of the group, and resolving any conflicts that might arise between concurrent changes made by different members.Multi-master replication can be contrasted with master-slave replication, in which a single member of the group is designated as the "master" for a given piece of data and is the only node allowed to modify that data item. Other members wishing to modify the data item must first contact the master node. Allowing only a single master makes it easier to achieve consistency among the members of the group, but is less flexible than multi-master replicationFlexible Single Master of Operation or just single master operation or operations master, is a feature of Microsoft's Active Directory (AD).FSMOs are specialized domain controller tasks, used where standard data transfer and update methods are inadequate. AD normally relies on multiple peer DCs, each with a copy of the AD database, being synchronized by multi-master replication. The tasks which are not suited to multi-master replication, and are viable only with a single-master database, are the FSMOs.Once per domain they only replicate to allThe Relative ID Master allocates security RIDs to DCs to assign to new AD security principals (users, groups or computer objects). It also manages objects moving between domains.The Infrastructure Master maintains security identifiers, GUIDs, and DN for objects referenced across domains. Most commonly it updates user and group links.This is another domain-specific role and its purpose is to ensure that cross-domain object references are correctly handled. For example, if you add a user from one domain to a security group from a different domain, the Infrastructure Master makes sure this is done properly. As you can guess however, if your Active Directory deployment has only a single domain, then the Infrastructure Master role does no work at all, and even in a multi-domain environment it is rarely used except when complex user administration tasks are performed. Because of this, the hardware requirements for machines holding this role are relatively small.The PDC Emulator operations master role processes all password changes in the domain. Failed authentication attempts due to a bad password at other domain controllers are forwarded to the PDC Emulator before rejection. This ensures that a user can immediately login following a password change from any domain controller, without having to wait several minutes for the change to be replicated. The PDC Emulator Operations Master role must be carefully sited in a location to best handle all password reset and failed-authentication forwarding traffic for the domain. The PDC emulator role holder retains the following functions:1.Password changes performed by other DCs in the domain are replicated preferentially to the PDC emulator.2.Authentication failures that occur at a given DC in a domain because of an incorrect password are forwarded to the PDC emulator before a bad password failure message is reported to the user.3.Account lockout is processed on the PDC emulator.4.backward compatibility,The PDC emulator performs all of the functionality that a Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Server-based PDC or earlier PDC performs for Windows NT 4.0-based or earlier clients.Once per forestThe Schema Master maintains all modifications to the schema of the forest. The schema determines the types of objects permitted in the forest and the attributes of those objects.The Domain Naming Master tracks the names of all domains in the forest and is required to add new domains to the forest or delete existing domains from the forest. It is also responsible for group membership.Multi-master replication is a replication model in which any domain controller accepts and replicates directory changes to any other domain controller. Because multiple domain controllers are employed, replication continues, even if any single domain controller stops working.Single-master replication is a replication model in which one domain controller accepts and replicates directory changes to any other domain controller. This master domain controller is known as "Operation Master".
