Sir Isaac newton's laws are named the 'Three Laws of Universal Dynamics'.
'Universal' because it means they apply on Earth and out in the Universe. 'Dynamics' , because it means movement.
So the laws refer to movement of all objects, be it on Earth or in Space.
The Three Laws are ;_
An object(mass) will remain stationary or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force.
Force is directly proportional to acceleration, or Force is directly proportional to mass. ( F = ma)
To every force there is an equal and opposite force.
In the story of the apple falling on his head, he perceived not only the apple falling to the ground (gravity), but infinitessimally the ground(Earth) moved towards the apple, because the apple has gravitational attraction.
NB It has been calculated that two VLCC's (supertanker ships) when berthed along side each other, they have a gravitational force of attraction of 0.5 kg.
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The first one to assume that gravity held planets in orbit and that gravity held the universe together was Sir Isaac Newton during the year 1666-1667 when according to legend an apple fell on his head at his home.
Gravity can be explained as "The force that attracts objects to other objects." Scientists don't really know how gravity works, but most scientists accept the theory that gravity is the result of objects "pinching" space.
The Sun's massive "pinch" in space causes all other objects near it to be drawn towards it. That keeps objects like the planets and asteroids in orbit around the sun.
Sorry if that was to complex of an answer, but I hope it helped.
No, Newton did not have his own basic theory, but after his discoveries in physics and mathematics he was able to prove that the planets must move in elliptical orbits under the Sun's gravity. This confirmed Johannes Kepler's theory for the first time, so in a way the whole question of the planets' orbits was settled by Newton.
Yes, it was Sir Isaac Newton, during the year 1666 when, according to his journals, an apple fell on his head while he was sitting under a tree.
Newton's major contribution was to describe gravity as an inverse-square law and he produced a formula that allows the force between two bodies to be calculated if the distance and the two masses are known. It was already known that an inverse-square law explained the elliptical orbits of the planets, but Newton's improvement allowed the masses of the planets to be calculated.
Isaac Newton thought of the idea of gravity, but he did not understand how it works, much less anyone else. The one who explained how gravity works was Albert Einstein.
Isaac Newton proved gravity keeps planets in orbit around the sun. His Theory of Gravity confirmed the observations of Tycho Brahe and the reasoning of Kepler.
Viewed from Earth, Venus is the brightest planet.
"Our solar system." The "part of our galaxy" that's in our solar system is the solar system.
Roughly, the Tycho Brahe model of the solar system was something between the ptolemic geocentric model of the solar system and the copernican heliocentric model. The sun still revolved around the earth but all other planets revolved around the sun. Interestingly, it was Tycho's pupil Kepler, that refined the Copernican model to include elliptical orbits (until then, orbits were assumed to be perfect circles).
I believe you are confusing two things here; there is no such thing as a "heliocentric model of telescope". There is a heliocentric model of our Solar System, and there are telescopes. The two are unrelated.
The sun, followed by the gas giant planets.