All composite numbers can be expressed as unique products of prime numbers. This is accomplished by dividing the original number and its factors by prime numbers until all the factors are prime. A factor tree can help you visualize this.
Example: 210
210 Divide by two.
105,2 Divide by three.
35,3,2 Divide by five.
7,5,3,2 Stop. All the factors are prime.
2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 210
That's the prime factorization of 210.
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If you mean factor pairs then I know:
Factor pairs and factors are both same things and for example this is a factor pair: 4x5, 6x5, 7x5.
Factors or factor pairs is an equation that equals to a total: for example: factors of 20: 5x4, 4x5.
BONUS: If one number has 2 or more factor pairs then that is a composite. If a number only has below and 2 that is a Prime number.
The prime factorization of 212 is 2 x 2 x 53. 16 is not a factor of 212.
As a product of its prime factors: 3*3*3*5*7 = 945
It is a factorization. It's not a prime factorization because 93 isn't prime.
310 Factorization: 2*5*31
What is the prime factorization of 256^180