They are called bedding planes
Metal deposits that occur in the cracks of rocks.
The rocks cracks on everything
Ice wedging, also called frost wedging or frost shattering is a process where water seeps into cracks in rocks and freezes. Since water expands when it freezes this cpushes the cracks further open, eventually breaking the rock apart.
veins
Vein minerals can contain deposits of metals and other minerals, and occur in fissures or cracks of rock.
When rainwater seeps through cracks in rocks, it is called infiltration.
Limestone is formed in layers called Bedding Planes and the vertical cracks are called Joints. The horizontal cracks are not given a specific name - however I am sure someone will want to contradict this
ice wedges
cracks open wider
cracks open wider
Ice wedging
Ice wedging is a form of mechanical weathering.
natural decomposition
The cracks along flat rock surfaces are commonly referred to as fissures or fractures. These cracks can occur due to natural processes like weathering, erosion, and tectonic forces. Over time, these cracks can widen and deepen, eventually leading to the breakage of the rock.
The magma that squeezes into vertical cracks between rocks and then hardens is called a dike. Dikes are tabular bodies of igneous rock that cut across the existing rock layers.
This process is called frost wedging or freeze-thaw weathering. Water enters cracks in rocks, freezes and expands, causing the rock to break apart over time.
The underground water that fills opening in soil and cracks in layers of rocks is called ground water.