What do all the density-independent factors have in common?

Answer 1

Density-independent factors are environmental elements that affect population sizes regardless of the population's density. These factors typically include natural events such as weather conditions, climate changes, and catastrophic events like floods, hurricanes, or fires. They can cause significant impacts on populations by influencing survival and reproduction, but their effects are not influenced by the population density. Essentially, they can reduce populations irrespective of how crowded or sparse individuals are in their habitat.