The differences between the these two is that linear scale shows the relation between the map distance and the ground distance. The nonlinear scale do not show the relation between the map distance and the ground distance.
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since the diode shows its characteristics in a non linearly it is called as nonlinear element since the transistor shows its characteristics in a linear way it s called as linear element Transistors are typically operated in their linear region (such as when used in amplifier circuits), or as switches (where you will in general ignore the nonlinearity of the transistor). Transistors are typically DC biased to operate in this linear region. Diodes are not biased in this way. Strictly speaking, both are nonlinear devices, although transistors can be used in their linear operation region, while diodes are not.
Inductor is a nonlinear device. since v=L di/dt.
Linear Scale
angle modulation is called non linear modulation because the information is stored in phase of the carrier signal
"A device for which the output is, within a given dynamic range, linearly proportional to the input" e.g. a spring scale is linear device for measuring weight.