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What does the continuity of capacitor voltage mean?
It might mean that the voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantanteously because that would demand an infinite current. The current in a capacitor is C.dV/dt so with a finite current dV/dt must be finite and therefore the voltage cannot have a discontinuity.
What effect does the series resistance of a capacitor used in a capacitor filter have on diode current and ripple voltage compared with an ideal capacitor of no resistance?
The effective resistance of the capacitor reduces the ripple current through the capacitor making it less effective in its function of smoothing the voltage. But if the capacitor filter is fed by a transformer and diodes, the resistance of the transformer exceeds that of the capacitor.
Regarding Capacitors- can any general capacitor work on a circuit diagram that shows a polarized capacitor or do you need a special capacitor for polarization?
A Polarized capacitor means that the capacitor is polarity sensitive. if you were to connect the capacitor incorrectly the capacitor would blow up. A capacitor that is marked as being polarity sensitive will have the negative lead labeled usually with a white strip. These capacitors can only be used in conjunction with a dc source. Always consult a professional when installing electrical equipment.
What happen to the energy stored in the capacitor while the capacitor is discharging?
It flows out of the capacitor into the external circuit
How one can know that what kind of capacitor to use in circuit?
paper capacitor
