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Speaker systems are described using a 2-part notation in the form of X.Y, with the X referring to the number of full-range channels (regular speakers) and the Y referring to limited-range speakers like a subwoofer. For example, a 5.1 surround system has 5 full-range speakers (front, left, right, left surround, right surround) and a subwoofer. Likewise, 2.1 means that the system has 2 regular speakers (presumably a left and right channel) and 1 subwoofer, and 4.1 means 4 regular speakers (left, right, left surround, right surround) and 1 subwoofer.

Another means of notation uses the format X/Y.Z, where X is the number of full-range channels in front of the listener, Y is the number of full-range channels beside or behind the listener, and Z is the number of limited-range channels. For example, a typical 5.1 surround system could be described as 3/2.1, because there are 3 channels in front of the listener (left, center, right), 2 behind (left surround, right surround), and 1 limited-range subwoofer.

To expand it even farther, there is another notation, expanded to include matrix decoders, with the format X/Y:Z.A, where X is the number of front channels, Y is the number of rear channels, Z is the number of channels in the rear in total (including channels reproduced by the rear using sound effects), and Z is the number of limited-range speakers. So, the notation 3/2:3.1 (referring to Dolby Digital EX) means that there are 3 channels in front (left, front center, right), 2 speakers in back (left surround, right surround) which produce 3 channels (left surround, rear center, right surround), and 1 limited-range subwoofer.

For more information on this type of notation, you can visit Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound#Notation

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Q: What do people mean when they say surround sound 2.1 or surround 4.1 5.1?
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