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In USA 240V comes into your home even though most of your equipment is 120V. I say most because your clothes dryer for one, if you have an electrically-heated one, most likely runs on 240V. The answer to your question is that 2 legs (power lines) come into your house. One leg is colored Black, the other is Red.
Each leg is 120V to common (ground). The voltage is AC (Alternating Current) so it is always going from +120V to -120V on each leg. But at opposite times, so that at some point in the cycle one leg is +120V while the other leg is -120V. And if you measure the voltage difference between +120V and -120V you get 240V.
The US wiring system works like this: to turn on your lights you switch into one leg, the current goes through your wiring to your lights and back to common. But your dryer switches into one leg and returns the current to the other leg. If you look in your breaker box you see breakers on both sides. Looking straight across, these breakers are on the same leg (L1). The next set down the panel are on the opposite leg (L2). Adjacent breakers all the way down the panel are on opposite legs. A two pole breaker spans these adjacent legs and that is how you arrive at 240 volts. Your dryer is connected to a two pole breaker that taps into both Black and Red legs.
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To accurately specify a voltage, you have to specify two points to measure, and the voltage is the difference between the two. If only one point is given it is usually implied that the second point is a grounded or 0 volt point. In the U.S., the three wires that enter most homes can be thought of as at +120V, -120V and 0V relative to ground. The 0V line is the "grounded" conductor, sometimes also called "neutral" and must be well connected to the earth where the wires enter the building (and no where else!) The +120 and -120 are actually different phases of an AC voltage wave. So by choosing which two points to connect to, a load can receive 120V or 240 V. Since there are two ways to get 120V, the breaker panel is usually set up to distribute the load between the two 120V phases.
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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.
Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.
IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
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To change 120V lines to 240V, you would need to install a step-up transformer. This transformer will increase the voltage from 120V to 240V. It's crucial to consult with a licensed electrician to ensure the conversion is done safely and in compliance with electrical codes.
On a pure 240V circuit, no. There is no neutral. On a 240/120V circuit, yes. You have the needed neutral. Tapping 120volts off an existing 240volt branch circuit with a neutral is possible but is not a proper method. It does not comply with most electrical codes.
Yes, it is done with a step up transformer. The transformer is sized by the load that is connected to the secondary side of the transformer. Smaller control size Transformers are rated in VA (volt amps) and larger transformers are rated in KVA (kilovolt amps). VA is derived from amps times volts.
A 240 volt breaker can be removed and replaced with 2 - 120 volt breakers.
The existing 240 volt breaker should not be used to supply 2 separate circuits.
In simple words, NO!!! On the first day of Electricity 101 they tell you if you do not know what you are doing, DON'T DO IT!!!
You DO use the old wire. You must not run new wire and outlets of proper load rating for the job. Doing anything else is dangerous.
A far as I know, you can't. If a wire is used in a 120v circuit, the wire itself is only rated up to 15 amps, therefore it can't carry a full load without tripping the breaker.
Absolutely NOT. The 240 outlet pin configuration would be different from the 120 volt pin configuration. They would physically not fit into each other.
It is not safe or recommended to connect a 240V electric cooktop to a 120V service. The cooktop requires 240V to operate properly. You would need to have a dedicated 240V circuit and receptacle installed to connect the cooktop safely.
No, 120V appliances are designed for use with a 120V outlet. Plugging them into a 240V outlet can cause damage to the appliance or pose a safety hazard. It is important to always match the voltage requirements of the appliance with the voltage supply.
No, you cannot convert an appliance designed for 120V to operate safely at 240V by changing the plug alone. The internal components of the appliance need to be designed to handle the higher voltage to prevent damage and ensure safety. Modifying the plug without considering the appliance's design may lead to serious damage or pose a safety hazard.
If you have 240V across the hot and neutral wires in a 120V outlet, it suggests there is a wiring issue with the outlet, possibly due to a short circuit. This is dangerous and can lead to electrical shocks or fires. It is best to immediately turn off power to the outlet and seek professional help to resolve the issue.
No, it is not safe to wire a 120V fan to a 240V power supply. Doing so can damage the fan and pose a fire hazard. It's important to use appliances with the correct voltage rating to ensure proper operation and safety.