Clays are phyllosilicates and have a sheet structure that is ionic in nature.
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Mainly a permanent clay mineral is a 2:1 clay (which means that it has 2 layers of silica and one of aluminum hydroxide)
The permanent charged is nearly Always negative and exists by isomorphic reaction
A variable charged clay mineral can be both, 2:1 and 1:1 clay minerals (1:1 = one layer of silica on 1 layer of aluminum hydroxide)
a variable clay mineral can be either negative positive or zero
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Variable charge in clays comes from pH-dependent adsorption of ions on clay surfaces, while permanent charge arises from isomorphous substitution of ions in the crystal lattice. Variable charge can be modified by changing soil pH, while permanent charge remains constant irrespective of pH. Conducting pH-dependent tests or using selective extractants can help distinguish between variable and permanent charge of clays in soils.
The plus and minus symbols are used to represent positive and negative charges, respectively. In the case of electrons, the minus sign indicates that electrons have a negative charge. This convention helps distinguish between different types of charges in physics and chemistry.
Man-made permanent magnets are not so different from naturally-occurring magnets.In the case of a permanent magnet, electrical charges are irrelevant. The magnet may, or may not, have an electrical charge, but that doesn't affect the magnetism. An electromagnet works by electrical currents, which is a flow of charges. The electromagnet, however, doesn't need to have any net charge. In other words, any charge would go in at one point of the magnet but an equivalent charge would go back out at some other point.
An electric field can created by a presence of a charge particle such as electron or proton. While a magnetic fieldis created due the relative motion of a charge particle with repeat to a stationary observer, motion of the charge particle.
The charge of burglary can be pleaded down to a lesser charge such as trespassing or criminal mischief depending on the circumstances of the case and the agreement between the prosecutor and defense attorney.
Atoms are held together by intramolecular forces and molecules by intermolecular forces. To distinguish between the two think of molecules as being different countries and therefore them being international.Or in computer terms where a closed network is a lan between different computers (atoms) is a intranet.While the internet is these lans (groups of computers) molecules connected to each other.