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The units parts per billion, or ppb, works just like percent, except that instead of being out of 100, it is out of 1,000,000,000 (1 x 109)

For instance, if the concentration of a certain molecule is 5 ppb, that means for every billion molecules in the mixture, only five are that one molecule.

So to convert ppb to a percent, divide by 1 x 107.

You can also use parts per million (ppm), which is out of 1 x 106, or parts per trillion, ppt, which is out of 1 x 1012.

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