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The dipole moment tells us that there is net dipole on the molecule which indicates that any dipoles due to polarity of the covalent bonds do not cancel each other out. For example H2O has a dipole moment which rules out a linear structure where the bond dipoles would cancel each other out.
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When would dipole-dipole forces be significant?
When molecules have permanent dipole moments
What compounds will have a dipole moment ch4 c2h6 xef4 sf6 ph3?
Out of the given compounds: CH4 (methane) is nonpolar and does not have a dipole moment. C2H6 (ethane) is also nonpolar and does not have a dipole moment. XeF4 (xenon tetrafluoride) is a polar molecule due to its square planar geometry with the fluorine atoms creating a net dipole moment. SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) is nonpolar and does not have a dipole moment. PH3 (phosphine) is polar due to the lone pair on phosphorus creating a net dipole moment.
Does ch3cl have dipole-dipole attractions?
Yes, CH3Cl (methane) has dipole-dipole attractions. This is because the molecule has a net dipole moment resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons around the carbon and chlorine atoms. This dipole moment allows CH3Cl to exhibit dipole-dipole interactions with other polar molecules.
Why does CO2 have a permanent dipole-dipole interaction?
Carbonate (CO3 2-) is trigonal planar with a central C and three O's 120 degrees from each other (D3h symmetry). All the O's have the same electron density because of resonance. This gives carbonate no dipole.
Why homoneuclear diatomic moleclue are ir inactive?
Homonuclear diatomic molecules are IR inactive because they do not have a permanent dipole moment. In these molecules, the electronegativity of the atoms is the same, resulting in no difference in electronegativity between the atoms to create a dipole moment. As a result, there is no change in the dipole moment when the molecule vibrates, making them invisible to infrared spectroscopy.
