10 awg wire can have a breaker size of 30amps. It can actually carry more but as for codes the wire is usually allowed to carry 80% of its max capability which puts the breaker
at a max size of 30 amps.
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A 10-gauge wire can typically handle around 30-35 amps of current. It is important to consult the National Electric Code and wire manufacturer specifications to determine the maximum current carrying capacity of a specific wire in a given installation.
It's not so much the voltage as it is the amperage. Typical #10 wire is good for 600volts but a maximum of 30amps.
The NEC limits the overcurrent protection of #10 copper to 30A. This means that that a continuous load supplied by the #10 cannot exceed 24A unless the breaker is rated for 100% continuous duty. Don't forget to apply any derating factors as required in table 310.16 of the NEC. For derating you can use the appropriate temperature rating column i.e. 90 deg for THHN dry location but in no case can you exceed 30A. It depends upon What type of wire and how that wire is being run. Standard ratings for residential wiring is a maximum of 30 amps for a #10 wire. To get technical, I think the maximum amperage of #10 wire run enclosed (like in metal conduit) is 33 amps. Most building inspectors will go by the 30 amp rule. 10 copper wire will hold 30 amps /we use this size wire for electrical dryers. For aluminum wiring the maximum loading is lower. 10 gauge aluminum hold 25 AMPS.
A wire is not like a bucket that holds amps but more like a pipe that lets the amperage flow through it. A # 14 wire is rated at 15 amps. Code only allows up to 80% for continuous use, 15 x .8 = 12 amps.
10
You need a 3 conductor #10 cable. A #10 wire is rated at 30 amps.
# 8 RW90