Aristotle was the first to develop a geocentric theory. But it is generally accepted that the Greek astronomer Ptolemy provided the most elaborated model of the geocentric view of the universe in which the Earth was the center. This idea lasted for centuries until the time of Copernicus.
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The Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos is credited with first questioning the geocentric theory in the 3rd century BC. He proposed a heliocentric model in which the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
The concept of geocentrism, which posits that the Earth is the center of the universe with celestial bodies orbiting around it, was widely held by ancient astronomers and philosophers such as Aristotle and Ptolemy. However, it was the Greek philosopher Claudius Ptolemy who developed the most influential geocentric model of the universe in his work "Almagest" in the 2nd century CE.
The Ptolemaic universe theory was proposed by the ancient Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. He proposed a geocentric model of the universe with Earth at the center, and this theory dominated Western astronomy for over a thousand years.
Aristotle believed in a geocentric model, with Earth at the center of the universe. Ptolemy further developed this idea with his geocentric model that included epicycles to explain planetary motion. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the solar system, challenging the geocentric view. Galileo's observations with a telescope provided evidence to support Copernicus's heliocentric model, leading to the acceptance of the heliocentric theory over the geocentric view.
Brane theory is not a cosmological model but a theoretical framework in theoretical physics that suggests the existence of additional dimensions beyond the known four dimensions (three of space and one of time). It is not related to the geocentric or heliocentric nature of the solar system.