Perforated eardrum and tintinitis
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Two common hearing defects are conductive hearing loss, which occurs when sound waves cannot reach the inner ear due to a blockage or issue in the outer or middle ear, and sensorineural hearing loss, which is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Both types of hearing loss can impact an individual's ability to hear and understand speech.
Defects can involve seizures, movement disorders , headaches , and cognitive (thought) disorders such as developmental delay or dementia (forgetfulness, senility). People with mitochondrial myopathies can also have hearing loss
Common defects of a barometer include mercury leakage, calibration errors, air leaks, and damage to the glass tube or casing. These defects can result in inaccurate readings and unreliable measurements of atmospheric pressure. Regular maintenance and calibration are necessary to ensure the barometer functions correctly.
Common defects of plastics include warping, cracking, shrinking, and surface blemishes. These defects can occur due to factors such as improper cooling during molding, poor material selection, or inadequate design. Proper processing techniques and quality control measures are essential to minimize these defects.
Frenkel defects involve the migration of an atom from its original lattice site to an interstitial site, whereas Schottky defects are related to the simultaneous creation of vacancies in the crystal lattice. Frenkel defects are common in compound semiconductors, while Schottky defects are more prevalent in ionic solids like metal halides.
Defects in crystals are called thermodynamic defects because they influence the overall energy or thermodynamic properties of the crystal lattice. These defects can affect the stability, entropy, and other thermodynamic properties of the crystal structure. They are considered in the context of thermodynamics as they impact the equilibrium state and behavior of the crystal material.