There are two gravitational constants.
The 'real one', the Universal Gravitational Constant, is always known as G. As its name implies it works everywhere. *
The other one, acceleration due to gravity, is g. It is good only on our own planet.
Units of g are m s-2 . Units of G are m3 kg-1 s-2 .
*Some physicists are not quite sure about this. If one starts talking to you about "Planck-length gravity" you might want to remember an urgent appointment elsewhere.
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The units of the gravitational constant are typically represented as ( \text{m}^3 \text{kg}^{-1} \text{s}^{-2} ), which means cubic meters per kilogram per second squared.
No, the gravitational constant on the Moon is not the same as on Earth. The gravitational constant depends on the mass and radius of the celestial body. The Moon has a lower mass and radius compared to Earth, resulting in a weaker gravitational constant on the Moon.
G is the universal gravitational constant. It is basically a conversion factor to adjust the number and units so they come out to the correct value. This is a universal constant so it is true everywhere.
The gravitational pull of the moon, on the earth, is almost a constant - whatever its phase.
If any other units are used, the value will be different. --Depending on the units you chose the value of the constant differs
The gas constant for carbon dioxide in US units is 1.986 ft-lbf/(lb-mol-°R).