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Most 30 amp home circuits are 240 V. If you try to run a 120 V appliance using 240 V, the appliance will immediately self-destruct.

However... if you actually have a 30 amp 120 V line to which you want to plug in your appliance, the only issue would be fire protection. Circuit breakers are in place to prevent too much current from passing through a wire. Wires have the capacity to carry only a specific amount of maximum current. a 10 Ga wire is generally used in homes for a 30 amp circuit. It doesn't matter if it's carrying 120 or 240 V, it still needs to be a 10 AWG conductor.

However, you need to make certain that all conductors, outlets and circuit breakers are matched to each other when wiring a home or business.

The appliance will only use the amperage that it needs UP TO THE MAXIMUM RATING OF THE CIRCUIT, providing that the VOLTAGEmatches.

So the short answer is, just make certain that the line voltage is right for your appliance and that the circuit is rated at a high enough amperage to handle the appliance.

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Q: What happens when you plug 120vac appliance into a 30 amp line?
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