The telescope
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Galileo developed the telescope, which allowed him to observe celestial bodies such as the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus. These observations provided evidence to support the heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus.
Copernicus' heliocentric model provided the framework for Galileo to further explore and confirm through his observations with the telescope. Galileo's discoveries, such as the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, provided empirical evidence in support of the heliocentric model and contributed to its acceptance over the geocentric model.
Copernicus' model gained support because it provided a simpler explanation for celestial phenomena compared to the Ptolemaic model. The heliocentric system was more elegant and accurately predicted the movements of the planets. Additionally, observations made with the invention of the telescope provided further evidence in support of Copernicus' model.
the phases of Venus could only be explained by it orbiting the Sun, not Earth as in the geocentric model. This observation provided evidence that supported the heliocentric system proposed by Copernicus.
Johannes Kepler was the one who provided the evidence and mathematical framework to support Copernicus' heliocentric model of the solar system through his laws of planetary motion.