A Parallel - because they are imaginary lines that run around the earth parallel to the equator
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Another name for the line of longitude is a meridian.
The equator is another name for the 0 line of latitude.
parallels is the name
Another name for the Playfair Axiom is the Euclid's Parallel Postulate. It states that given a line and a point not on that line, there is exactly one line parallel to the given line passing through the given point.
It is called the scale.