Zero degrees! If the angle of declination is 0°, then magnetic north is exactly the same as true north, making it much easier to navigate. But really, there isn't any "optimum" angle. One angle is just as good as another as long as you know how to correct for it in the right way.
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The optimum angle of declination varies depending on the location and purpose. In general, it is recommended to set the declination angle to match the latitude of the location for best performance in terms of solar energy collection. However, for specific applications such as maximizing solar panel efficiency, a more precise calculation based on the sun's position throughout the year may be necessary.
The angle between the geographic and magnetic poles extends more towards the east, as you move to the north. The magnetic pole is actually near Greenland.
The angle between the geographic North Pole and the direction in which a compass needle points is called magnetic declination. This angle varies depending on the location on Earth and can be used to adjust navigation using a compass.
If the magnetic North arrow is to the left of the North grid line in the declination diagram, you should subtract the declination angle from your compass reading. This is because the magnetic north is to the west of the grid north, so you need to adjust your reading accordingly to navigate accurately.
The distance around the map that the star spans is called the circumference.
To find the variation from true north, you can use a magnetic compass to determine the magnetic north and then calculate the angle between the magnetic north and the true north. This angle is known as the magnetic declination or variation. Many maps and GPS devices provide information about the current magnetic declination in a specific location.