prevent trapping of air bubbles
line of sight must be perpendicular to get the correct reading and avoid errors
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Ensure that the measuring cylinder is on a flat surface to get an accurate measurement. Also, read the measurement at eye level to avoid parallax errors. Handle the measuring cylinder carefully to prevent breakage.
Pure water can be measured by using a calibrated measuring instrument, such as a graduated cylinder or a measuring cup. Ensure that the container is clean and free from any contaminants before pouring the water for measurement. Take the reading at the meniscus level to get an accurate measurement.
A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquids. A measuring cylinder is used for measuring solutions, liquids and also water. For example, a solution made up of salt and water could be measured.
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The meniscus is the concave line of liquid that forms in a graduated cylinder (measuring volume) due to that liquid's adhesion (the tendency to want to stick to other things). When measuring a liquid's volume in a graduated cylinder, you read the volume from the bottom of the meniscus. Therefore, the meniscus does not measure anything, it is where you measure a liquid's volume from.
To get an accurate liquid volume measurement, ensure the measuring container is on a level surface, read the measurement at eye level to avoid parallax errors, and use the appropriate measuring tools calibrated to the desired units.