He revolutionized astronomy with his ideas about the heliocentric universe, he also published a book about the orbits of the planets and his ideas about the heliocentric universe
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Copernicus did not invent the concept of the four elements (water, air, fire, earth). This idea dates back to ancient Greek philosophy, particularly to the works of philosophers like Empedocles and Aristotle. Copernicus was a mathematician and astronomer known for his heliocentric theory of the universe.
Copernicus came up with a new theory of the planets' movements among the stars in 1543. It had the Sun at the centre instead of the Earth, which was in the centre in the ancient Ptolemaic theory. Both theories used circles and epicycles to describe the planet's orbits, which they modelled quite accurately. Copernicus's theory was promoted by Galileo. The modern theory retains Copernicus's idea of placing the Sun at the centre, but it uses elliptical orbits for the planets and was devised by Kepler (1609) working with the latest observations by Tycho Brahe.
The idea of a sun-centered model of the solar system was proposed by the ancient Greek astronomer, Aristarchus of Samos, in the 3rd century BCE. Known as heliocentrism, this concept challenged the prevailing geocentric model that placed Earth at the center of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus, in 1543 , proposed his version of the heliocentric (Sun-centered) organization of the universe.(from De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe.All this is suggested by the systematic procession of events andthe harmony of the whole Universe, if only we face the facts,as they say, 'with both eyes open'.
Copernicus proposed a new model of the planets as they move among the stars, and it was published in 1543, the year he died. The model was similar to Ptolemy's model that had been used for 1400 years, in that it used circles and epicycles. The difference was that the new theory had the Sun at the centre instead of the Earth. Copernicus said it was a simpler model, and it was in a sense. It had just as many or even more epicycles to allow for the eccentricity of the planets' orbits and their inclination to the ecliptic (as now understood), but the epicycles were reduced in size, in some cases by a lot. In the Ptolemaic model each planet had its major epicycle approximately equal to the size of the Earth's orbit (as we know know), while Copernicus's model used much smaller epicycles. However both models were rejected when Kepler came up with his idea that the orbits are ellipses, and, later, Newton's discoveries showed why they have to be ellipses. So the earlier models were consigned to the history books - except for the idea of having the Sun at the centre.