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The unit of measurement for bacteria is micrometer (µm).

Several methods have been used now and in the past to

estimate average bacterial size:

1. electron microscopy,

2. electronic devices (Coulter counter and flow cytometry), and

3. epifluorescence microscopy.

Transmission electron microscopy is tedious and expensive because samples require long and elaborate processing before analysis.

Scanning electron microscopy is relatively faster and cheaper, but processing of the

samples may produce cell shrinkage and underestimation of bacterial size.

Coulter counters have a very low resolution in the bacterial size range and do not discriminate between bacteria and dead or inert particles. Flow cytometry has similar limitations.

The most popular method for bacterial size measurement relies on epifluorescence images. Direct computerized image analysis of the epifluorescence samples is the most precise and fastest method currently.

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