He believed in Heliocentrism (That the sun was the centre of the universe, not Earth).
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Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, where planets revolve around the sun, while Ptolemy's geocentric model placed Earth at the center of the universe with planets orbiting around it. Copernicus' model helped to explain retrograde motion more simply than Ptolemy's epicycles.
Copernicus explained the retrograde motions of the planets by proposing that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun in circular orbits. He suggested that the appearance of retrograde motion was a result of the varying speeds at which the planets orbited the Sun.
Copernicus challenged Aristotle's theories of planetary motion due to observations that didn't align with the geocentric model, particularly the retrograde motion of planets. Through his own observations and mathematical calculations, Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, providing a simpler explanation for the observed phenomena in the sky.
Johannes Kepler was the one who provided the evidence and mathematical framework to support Copernicus' heliocentric model of the solar system through his laws of planetary motion.
No, that was what the scriptures said, but Copernicus's model, also promoted by Galileo, had the Sun at the centre instead.