Utilizing the fact that the density of water is somewhat less than 1 kg/L at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, we are able to deduce that the 1 kg soil weights somewhat more.
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One litre of water weighs 1Kg. So if the potting mix is compacted so there is no air it can weigh up to 1Kg. However, usually potting mix is not heavily compacted and commonly you'll find it occupies about half a litre of space when compacted. Therefore, a litre of average potting mix will weigh about half a kilogram (500g).
Yes, loose soil is generally more permeable compared to compacted soil. This is because the particles in loose soil are not tightly packed together, allowing water and air to move through more easily.
One way to separate soil from water quickly is to use a filter or sieve with small pores that trap the soil particles while allowing the water to pass through. Another method is to use sedimentation, where you let the mixture sit undisturbed so that the soil particles settle to the bottom, then carefully pour off the water from the top.
Clay soil has smaller particles, which create more surface area for water molecules to adhere to. This allows clay soil to retain water better than loam and sand, which have larger particles with less surface area for water retention. Additionally, the small particles in clay soil can hold water tightly due to their structure and composition.
The root hairs of plant cells are responsible for absorbing water from the soil. These specialized structures increase the surface area of the roots, allowing for more efficient absorption of water and nutrients.