Several things limit which celestial objects can be seen with a telescope on Earth.
- The apparent magnitude of the object.
- The telescope you are using, tracking system and camera capability.
- Weather conditions, atmospheric and light pollution affecting airglow.
- The elevation of the object: lower in the sky means a thicker slice of atmosphere to interfere, more limitation.
- Your elevation relative to sea level: lower elevation means a thicker slice of atmosphere to interfere, more limitation.
- Red Shift - the object you are observing is moving away so fast that the color of the light reaching us has dropped into the infrared range, invisible to the human eye.
Generally, the faintest objects observable in visible light with 8m ground-based telescope is about 27.
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If the telescope were placed in space (like hubble) the images would be greatly improved due to the lack of both atmosphere and ambient light, such as streetlights. The lack of atmosphere means that the light from distant objects need not travel through turbulent gases found in the atmosphere. this would eliminate the 'twinkling' of stars, and the lack of ambient light would result in much greater detail in the image.
Basically the cost. Telescopes with mirrors that have 8 meters in diameter are being built, several such telescopes are combined into larger telescopes; and larger mirrors are planned - but all this has a huge cost.
What limits the size and magnification of a refracting telescope is by the objective lens
The atmosphere scatters the light, so the images aren't very clear, but once we get outside of the atmosphere, like with the hubble telescope, the images are perfectly clear
The telescope was improved by several astronomers and inventors over time. Some key figures include Galileo Galilei, who made significant advancements in telescope design in the 17th century, and Hans Lippershey, who is often credited with inventing the first practical telescope in the early 1600s.
Many people use a telescope. Astronomers, scientists, astronauts, cosmic data analysts. Even anyone who merely has a curiosity and wishes to know what is beyond our atmosphere uses a telescope.
Some other types of telescopes used by astronomers to observe stars include radio telescopes, which detect radio waves emitted by stars, and space telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope, which is specifically designed for observations in space without the distortion caused by Earth's atmosphere. Astronomers also use infrared telescopes to study stars emitting infrared radiation, providing valuable insights into their composition and temperature.
A telescope has a larger gathering area (the main lens, or the main mirror) than the human eye. This makes it possible to see the light of fainter objects. Another thing the telescope does is to increase angular resolution. This makes it possible, in some cases, to see two stars that are close together as two stars, whereas the human eye would see them as a single spot of light.
A large telescope floating in space that sends pictures back to Earth is called a space telescope. Some examples include the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope.