They don't always.
The problem is that a map is an attempt to fit a representation of the Earth's surface, which is curved, onto a piece of paper, which is flat.
There are a variety of ways of doing this, that mapmaker call "projections."
In some projections, longitude lines curve and latitude lines are straight; in others, both curve, in still others, both are straight, and in a polar azimuthal projection longitude lines are straight and the latitude lines curve.
The projection chosen for a particular map depends on what the mapmaker feels is important. An azimuthal projection shows true direction from the central point to any other point, and might be chosen for, say, a pilot who wants to know the shortest route to some other location from where he is.
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Longitudes and latitudes are curved lines because they are based on the shape of the Earth, which is a sphere. The lines of longitude converge at the poles, while the lines of latitude are parallel to the equator. This curvature helps to accurately represent locations on the Earth's surface.
There is only one Prime Meridian on Earth. Like all the other meridians of longitude,
it joins the Earth's north and south poles. Also like all of the others, it's an imaginary
semi-circular line on the surface of the Earth. Since the Earth is very close to the shape
of a sphere (a ball), and the meridians all stay on the Earth's surface, never rising up
from it or sinking beneath it, they must be curved lines.
Because they are imagined to be drawn on the surface
of the Earth, which has the shape of a sphere (a ball).
Latitudes are parallel to the equator. Longitudes converge like elastics on a soccer ball.
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I tried. Believe me, I tried. But I finally had to give up trying to figure out whether 90 and 45 are latitudes or longitudes, and if they're latitudes, whether they're north or south latitudes, and if they're longitudes, whether they're east or west longitudes.
It tells people where they are in the world.
to know the exact location of a country or a place