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CoachIn benzene, the delocalization of electrons in the pi system creates a symmetric charge distribution around the ring, resulting in equal sharing of electron density between all carbon atoms. This leads to the concept of resonance, where the actual molecule is a hybrid of different resonance structures. As a result, the carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are equivalent and have partial double bond character.
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Which compound contains a longer C-C bond benzene or ethene?
Benzene contains longer C-C bonds compared to ethene. In benzene, the C-C bond length is intermediate between a single bond and a double bond due to resonance, whereas in ethene, the C-C bond is a double bond which is shorter and stronger than a single bond.
Why benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction whereas alkenes undergoes addition reaction?
Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions due to its aromatic stabilization, which makes the molecule more stable after replacing a hydrogen with an electrophile. Alkenes undergo addition reactions because they have a reactive pi-bond that readily accepts nucleophiles or electrophiles to form new single bonds, leading to increased stability.
Why halobenzenes are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?
Halobenzenes are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides because the pi electrons in the benzene ring participate in resonance stabilization, making it difficult for the nucleophile to attack the electrophilic carbon atom. This resonance has a stabilizing effect on the benzene ring, reducing its reactivity towards nucleophiles.
Do alkenes show mesomerism?
Yes, alkenes can exhibit mesomerism due to the presence of π electrons in the double bond, allowing for resonance stabilization. This can lead to delocalization of electrons along the pi bond, resulting in different resonance structures with varying bond orders.
What is the length of carbon bonds in benzene?
The carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are all the same length, approximately 1.39 angstroms. This is shorter than a typical carbon-carbon single bond due to the delocalized pi-electron cloud in the benzene ring structure.
