They taught that the sky was perfect and unchanging.
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Galileo's findings challenged the geocentric view of the universe held by the Church, which was in conflict with his heliocentric model. The Church felt that this threatened its authority and interpretation of scripture, leading to Galileo facing accusations of heresy.
He was charged with heresy, a serious crime in those days, for contradicting the church's belief that the Earth is at the centre of the Universe. The church said that if there was proof of this idea, they would have to have a rethink. But in court Galileo could produce no proof and he recanted. But later in the 17th century after Galileo's lifetime scientific discoveries led everyone to accept that the Sun is at the centre of the solar system (but not the Universe).
Galileo had a complex relationship with the Catholic Church. He was initially supported by the Church for his scientific work, but when he advocated for the heliocentric model of the solar system, which contradicted the Church's geocentric views, he faced condemnation and was ultimately tried and forced to recant under threat of torture. This conflict between his scientific findings and religious doctrine led to tensions between Galileo and the Church.
The Roman Catholic Church
Galileo Galilei's theory of the solar system was largely based on the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, with the sun at the center instead of the Earth. Galileo's observations and use of the telescope provided evidence to support this model, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the structure of our solar system.
Using inclines, Galileo discovered that all objects fall at the same rate. He was also the first to witness the moons around Venus, proof that the solar system does not revolve around the Earth.