No, the rating of the transformer, in watts, is the maximum amount of energy that can be safely drawn from the device. Any wattage load up to that limit is safe to connect as long as the voltage is correct to the load.
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No, using a 30 watt transformer with a device that needs only 15 watts will not damage the device. The device will only draw the power it needs, so having a higher-rated transformer is safe.
Yes, you can use a 1000 watts transformer with a 700 watts appliance. The transformer's capacity should be equal to or greater than the appliance's wattage to prevent overloading or damage. In this case, the 1000 watts transformer has enough capacity to safely power the 700 watts appliance.
If your device uses 900 Watts at 7.5 Amps, then it requires 120 volts. If you want to use it where the supplied current is 220 volts, then you'll need a transformer - but only if the device can operate on 50 Hz. Most places that use 220 Volts supply it at 50 Hz. If your device says it can operate on 50 Hz you can use a transformer.
If the transformer uses 5 watts per hour you need to know what you are paying per 1000 watts from your power company. If you pay lets say $3.00 for 1000 watts then when your transformer burns 1000 watts it cost you $3.00 your cost will be $3.00 for 200 hours run time.
A 22VA transformer has a power rating of 22 watts. VA (volt-ampere) is a unit used to measure the apparent power in an electrical circuit.
If by "consume" you mean "waste as heat", that would depend upon the design of the transformer, but would typically be a few watts of heat loss.