controlled experiment
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Total Cost (T) = Fixed Cost (F) plus Variable Cost (V) or T = F + V. The dependent variable is T because as F & V change, T depends on the values of F & V. The independent variables (plural; two) are F & V. F and V change independent of T. You can also think of the above as cause (independent) and effect (dependent). The cause of F & V changing has the effect of T changing. So, in the above equation, there are two independent variables; F & V.
A variable is a very important thing when you are doing an experiment. These are things that have an effect on the experiment. There are three categories of variables in math:The controlled variable: variable the never changesThe manipulated variable: variable that does changeThe responding variable: the result of the experiment
Moderation occurs when the relationship between two variable depends on a third variable. The third variable is referred to as the moderate variable or simply the moderator
makeing the correlation spurious
No it doesn't. Cause and effect is not demonstrated with regression, it only shows that the variables differ together. One variable could be affecting another or the affects could be coming from the way the data is defined.