Overflow for Two's Complement when:
- the operands have the same sign and the result differs from them in sign
or
- the carry-in and carry-out associated with the left-most position differ
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100000000000001
00110011 is the 2's complement for this unsigned number and 10110011 if this is a signed number
The advantage of the two's complement method is that the procedure for adding or subtracting numbers is the same, whether the numbers are positive or negative. This makes the hardware for managing these numbers simpler.
6
An even number is always some quantity of 'twos' (2's), and any quantity of twos is an even number. The first even number is a quantity of twos, and the second even number is another quantity of twos. When you add the first quantity of twos to the second quantity of twos, you get a new quantity of twos. Since the new quantity of twos is a quantity of twos, it's an even number.