There is no such thing as a USA standard. 4mm is the same length as 0.16 inches, approximately.
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Scientific Notation or Standard Notation or (not USA) Standard Form.
There is a mixture of imperial and metric units; first, I'll order each set, and then put them together in one ordered list: Imperial: ounce, pound, ton Metric: gram, kilogram, metric ton (tonne) Together depends upon where you are: 1 tonne ≈ 2205 lb * In UK which uses the long ton = 2240 lb: gram, ounce, pound, kilogram, metric ton, ton (here the metric ton is only slightly less than the ton) * In USA which uses the short ton = 2000 lb gram, ounce, pound, kilogram, ton, metric ton (here the metric ton is quite a bit more than the ton)
The way you wrote it is the standard notation. Standard notation means to write the number in its standard form. So, a number such as 150 is simply written as 150 in standard notation. The same applies to decimals. Unless you are not in the USA, in which case Standard form (also known as "standard index form" or "scientific notation") requires a single non-zero digit before the decimal point and a multiplier of a power of 10 which gets the decimal point back to where it was in the original number. To calculated the power of the ten count how many digits the decimal point needs to move; if it needs to move to the left make it negative: 0.00105 = 1.05 × 10^-3
What is marked?The marking of jewellery with its gold content varies from country to country. Some mark with the caratage, typically 18 or 18 ct (or 18K in USA and some other countries) and others mark with the fineness, e.g. 750 (e.g. in the U.K.). At 14 carat, the mark 14KP is found in the USA, the P indicating 'plumb' to differentiate between the US standard and the international standard for 14 carat.Found here: http://www.utilisegold.com/jewellery_technology/assaying/
The USA uses the short scale based on powers of a thousand plus one; tri- implies three: 5.9 trillion dollars = $5.9 x (103)3+1 = $5.9 x 1012 = $5,900,000,000,000