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Percent error is typically used to describe the difference between an expected value and an observed value (measured in an experiment). To calculate percent error, you must know the expected (or theoretical) value, determined from reference manuals and formulas.

Percent error = [(actual measured value)/(expected value) - 1] x 100%

Let's say that you do a chemistry experiment, where you expect to use 30 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution to neutralize a prepared solution of sodium hydroxide.

When you perform the experiment, you actually use 30.2 mL of hydrochloric acid solution.

Percent error = [(30.2 mL) / (30 mL) - 1] x 100% = 0.667 % error

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Q: Describe how to find the percent error in a calculation?
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