A parenthesis is used for a number which is an 'end' of an inequality but is not itself included. For example, if the inequality reads "x>3", there is an opening parenthesis on the hash-mark labelled '3', and the number line is shaded to the right. If the number IS included a bracket is used. So for -3 is less than or equal to x but less than 3, there is a [ on -3, and a ) on the 3, and the number line is shaded between -3 and 3.
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Assuming you're talking about the ( symbol... That's a bracket, or parenthesis.
The symbol separating the dividend from the divisor in a long division that is drawn as a right parenthesis (or sometimes a straight vertical bar) with an attached vinculum extending to the right seems to have no established name of its own. It can therefore simply be termed the "long division symbol," or sometimes the division bracket.
s= bracket n over sigma i (xi-x-)^2 all over n-1 closed bracket ^ 1/2
(x-2)(x+2)= x2+2x-2x-4= x2-4
X = (-infinity, 0) U (0, infinity) The above is read as X equals negative infinity, comma zero, union, zero, comma infinity on an open interval (By the way, this interval is made up of two intervals). A parenthesis by a value indicates it is not included. This means X could equal anything between -infinity and 0 and X can equal anything between 0 and infinity. X can not equal -infinity. X can not equal 0. X can not equal infinity. The interval is open because none of the starting or ending values can be a value of X (It's a parenthesis by all the starting and ending values). There is a parenthesis by 0 because 0 is not a possible value of X (the question says so). There is a parenthesis by -infinity and infinity because they are not real numbers. So whether either of them is included in the answer, they always have a parenthesis by them. If a number was included in an interval, there would be a square bracket by it, like this: [ or ]. If the starting number and the ending number on the interval is included then the interval is closed.