A second (when talking about time) is measured through the knowledge that a Cesium atom regularly emits a detectable number of photons. Many atomic clocks are placed around the world in order to account for possible effects that changes in environments would have, which are negligible.
There are also 60 seconds in a minute, and 60 minutes in a degree when talking about geometric angles.
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Angles! A minute is 1/60 of a degree; a second is 1/60 of a minute.
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Acceleration is a change in speed, measured per second and so would be meters per second per second or meters per second squared.
You count the number of cases stacked over a period of time which is measured in hours. Divide the first by the second.