Yes. Given three lengths, e.g. 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, there is only one triangle that can be made - hence SSS being a proof of congruence. This makes it rigid - it can't be transformed nto another triangle, so it can't move. Compare this to a quadrilateral; it isn't rigid. A square can "slide" into a rhombus, a rectangle into a parallelogram. For evidence, cout some card strips and use paper fasteners to hold the ends together. A triangle so constructed is rigid, a quadrilateral can be distorted.
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No. A triangle is the only rigid polygon.
To describe a translation of triangle ABC, you would need to include the direction of the translation (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal), the distance of the translation, and whether the triangle was moved to the left, right, up, or down. Additionally, you would need to specify if the translation was a rigid transformation, meaning the size and shape of the triangle remain unchanged. Finally, you may also need to mention the coordinates of the vertices of the original triangle and the new positions after the translation.
No
A diamond is not a rigid shape unless it has a brace. A brace is a diagonal line you put inside shapes to make them rigid. Triangles are rigid so if you put a brace in a square to make two triangles the square is now rigid.
If a triangle is obtuse, the orthocenter of the triangle actually lies outside of the triangle. If the triangle is acute, the orthocenter of the triangle lies on the inside of the triangle