The solvent is the greater of the two dissolved quantities.
The density of an object is its mass divided by its volume. If that is less than the density of water, it will float; if greater it will sink
This would depend on its volume and mass. Density = mass / volume. If the cotton is compressed it will occupy less volume, so the density becomes greater.
water has less density than lead. Mass depends on its volume
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Oxygen is the solvent one, since it has the greater volume of two.
No, the amount of solute in a solution is always less than the amount of solvent. Solute is the substance being dissolved and solvent is the substance doing the dissolving. A solution is typically made up of a smaller quantity of solute dissolved in a larger quantity of solvent.
The addition of solute to a solvent concentrates the overall solution. A nice example is the laundry detergent. Some (less) concentrated detergents are less viscous, while highly concentrated detergents are more viscous (greater density). Also, adding more solute to a solvent can lower the freezing point.
Your question is a little ambiguous. However, in general, there is normality, molality and molarity which each describe the concentration of a solute into a solvent. The fraction of moles of solute to solvent could correctly be termed the "molar fraction" or, "molal fraction" depending on whether the solvent is expressed in volume or weight respectively. By contrast, normality is based on the chemical functionality of the solute, for example a 1M solution of sulfuric acid would be about a 2N solution of acid.
The solute becomes less ordered
A solution consists of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent. The solute is the substance that dissolves and the solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. Take salt water as an example. The salt is the solute and the water is the solvent.
Basically, yes. But only sometimes. The solute is indeed the material you have less of, and the solvent is the material in which you try to dissolve that solute. Sometimes, however, you cannot dissolve the solute.
For example, if you dissolve some tablesalt (NaCl) (maybe 1 gram) in water (H2O) (maybe 1000 grams), the solute will be the tablesalt and the solvent will be the water. Generally speaking, the solid that dissolves in a fluid (gas or liquid) is called the "solute". If the solution is one made of fluids, (for example 1000 gram ethylic alcohol + 10 gram water), the solvent is the fluid in greater amount (in our example, ethylic alcohol is the solvent and water the solute).
Molality is a concentration unit that expresses the amount of solute (in moles) dissolved in a solvent per kilogram of solvent. It is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of the solvent in kilograms. Unlike molarity, molality is not affected by temperature variations because it is based on the mass of the solvent rather than the volume.
The terms concentrated and diluted refer to the various states of a solution. When it is concentrated, there is more solute or less solvent. In contrast, when it is diluted, there is less solute or more solvent.
You can change the concentration of a solution by adding more solute or solvent to it, or by removing some of the solvent. A higher concentration means more solute is dissolved in the solvent, while a lower concentration means less solute is dissolved.
The substance in large amount is the solvent and the substance in the small amount is the solute. So, oxygen being more is the solvent and helium being less is the solute.