Yes. The prefixes 'deci-' and 'centi-' refer to given amounts of any unit of measure. In the case of 'deci-', it's one-tenth. In the case of 'centi-', it's one-hundredth. So the prefix 'deci-' refers to a larger amount under consideration than does the prefix 'centi-'.
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Yes.
they are french and originally derived from greek
They are affixes that are used to make metric amounts. Centi is one hundredth and combines to make words like centimetre, centilitre. deci is one tenthe and combines to make words like decilitre, decibel milli is one thousandth and combines to make words such as millimetre or millilitre
Decigram is larger. Deci = 1/10 Micro = 1/1000000
Yes. The prefix 'deci-' carries the meaning 'tenth' from its origins in the French 'déci-', and further back in the original, classical Latin 'decimus', for tenth. It chiefly is used in the metric system. But it may be used to specify the tenth part of any specified unit of measure.