Yes there is a difference. They are physically the same size casing, but the 556 military rounds' chamber pressure is ~10,000 psi higher then 223. Military rifles generally have chambers with a different throat configuration than normal sport 223 rifles. This being said, I would not recommend shooting 556 unless your rifle was designed for the higher pressures.
556 - 223 = 333
The cartridges are similar, but not identical. Differences include:Slight variations in neck diameterSlight variations in base diameter (.378 inches for the 5.56 vs. .376 inches for the .223)Variations in the neck anglePressure rating (380 MPa for the .223 vs. 430 MPa for the 5.56)Case thicknessYou can safely fire .223 rounds in a 5.56 rifle, but it is not advisable to fire 5.56 rounds in a dedicated .223 rifle.
556
.223 Remington can be cycled in a 5.56x45 rifle; 5.56x45 should not be cycled in a .223 Remington firearm.
Yes it does, unless your barrel is stamped .223 .
Yes the mags work with both ammos. You can not tell the difference in the two by looking at them.
The 5.56x45 cartridge is dimensionally similar to a .223 Remington. However, the two are not the same. A 5.56 chamber can safely fire .223 rounds, but a dedicated .223 chamber can't necessarily fire 5.56 cartridges safely, given the different angle of the cartridge neck, and the higher chamber pressures generated by the 5.56 cartridge over the commercial .223 round.
yes, except 556 is written as 5.56 caliber (223) Actually, no, it isn't. Although the dimensions match, the military 5.56 cartridge differs from the civilian .223 in several aspects, such as the neck angle, casing thickness, and chamber pressure. A general rule of thumb is that .223 Remington can be fired in a 5.56 chamber, but 5.56 ammo should not be fired in a dedicated .223 chamber.
if it is a 223 cal, then yes
556 is a dual version of 555 single timer.
5.56 hands down.
Dimensionally similar, but they are not exactly the same. A firearm with a 5.56x45 chamber can accommodate the .223 Remington cartridge, but a firearm with a .223 Remington chamber cannot accommodate the 5.56x45 cartridge.