Properties of B cell epitopes
•The size is determined by the size, shape and amino acid residue of the Ag-binding site on the Ab molecule
•The binding involves weak non covalent interaction
•Native proteins generally hydrophilic amino acids
•Sequential or non-sequential amino acids
•Located in mobile regions
•Accessible
Properties of T cell epitopes
•T cell recognize Ag that has been processed in antigenic peptides with MHC
•Antigenic peptides recognized by T cells form trimolecular complexes with a T cell receptor and MHC molecules
•Internal peptides
Commutative Law: a + b = b + a Associative Law: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
The answer depends on the context. For example, multiplication of numbers is commutative (A*B = B*A) but multiplication of matrices is not.
A comprehensive answer to this question will be found at: See Related Links put a (major axis) in cell B1 put b (minor axis) in cell B2 put L (lenght of tank) in cell B3 and put variable height in cell B6 to .... put this formula to Microsoft excel in cell C6 =(B$1/2*B$2/2*ACOS(1-B6/B$2*2)-B$1/2*(B$2/2-B6)*SQRT(1-(1-B6/B$2*2)^2))*B$3 result will given in cell C6
If 'a', 'b' and 'c' are any three numbers, then the properties of addition are:* Associative: the value of a + (b + c) is the same as (a + b) + c;* Additive identity: there exists zero (0) such that a + 0 = a;* Additive inverse: for every number a there is an additive inverse, denoted by (-a), such that a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0;* Commutative: the value of a + b is the same as b + a;* Closed: the value of a + b is another number in the original set of a and b, for example, if aand b are both integers, then a + b will also be an integer.
the basic number properties in math are associative, commutative, and distributive associative: (for addition) a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c (for multiplication) a(bc)=(ab)c or a*(b*c)=(a*b)*c commutative: (for addition) a+b=b+a (for multiplication) a*b=b*a or ab=ba distributive: a(b+c)=ab+ac or a(b+c)=a*b + a*c
Linked Recognition occurs when a B cell is activated by a helper T cell that responds to the same antigen as the B cell. The epitope recognized by the B cell must be "linked" to the epitope recognized by the helper T cell--in a manner such that both epitopes are physically linked in a certain manner. However, the two epitopes need not be the same. The importance of linked recognition can be observed in maintaining self tolerance. Also, a B cell recognized by a helper T cell is up to 10,000 times more efficient at displaying peptide fragments on their MHC class II molecures than B cells that are not helped.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, introduce epitopes to T cells. They process and present peptide fragments of antigens on their surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This interaction is crucial for T cell activation, allowing them to recognize and respond to specific pathogens or infected cells. Dendritic cells are particularly effective at initiating T cell responses due to their ability to capture and present antigens in lymphoid tissues.
c. a pathogen makes more than one antigen. Pathogens typically have multiple epitopes that can be recognized by antibodies, but they do not make more than one antigen. Each pathogen produces specific antigens that can trigger an immune response.
there are different types of b cell and t cell. both are lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cell. the t cells are mainly used in identifying antigens and releasing chemicals which attact macrophages (big immune cells which 'eat' antigens), to destroy the antigen. b cells are used in the production of antibodies. when they encounter a new antigen, plasma cells and memory cells are formed from the division of a b cell. the memory cell remembers the antigen and which antibody to use, while the plasma cell makes the antibodies to fight a particular antigen or class of antigens
Properties of MathThe properties are associative, commutative, identity, and distributive. * * * * *There is also the transitive propertyIf a > b and b > c then a > c.
A plasma B cell is a B cell that has been activated to proliferate and produce antibodies against a specific antigen. A memory B cell is a B cell that lives a long time after an infection to provide long lasting immunity against that specific antigen. They both originate from the same B cell in your secondary lymph system. Once activated the specific B cell will proliferate into plasma B cells and memory B cells.
Commutative a*b=b*a Associative (a*b)*c=a*(b*c)
Multiplicative a x b = b x a Additive a + b = b + a
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A mature B cell that mass produces antibodies is called a plasma cell. Plasma cells are differentiated B cells that are specialized for producing large quantities of antibodies to help fight infections.