Square root.
Except that it is not quite as simple as that.
If you start with a negative number, say -3. Square it to get 9. Then find the square root: should you go for -3 or +3 as the square root? Unless you knew what the original number was, the "inverse" may not take you back to the starting point!
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The inverse operation of squaring a number is finding the square root of that number. In mathematical terms, if you square a number x, the result is x^2. The inverse operation would be taking the square root of x^2, which gives you the original number x. For example, if you square 3 (3^2 = 9), the square root of 9 is 3.
Squaring a number is the inverse of square rooting. The square root of 144 is 12, so 12 squared is 144.
Every operation in Mathematics needs to have an inverse. For addition, its inverse is subtraction (and vice versa) For multiplication, its division The inverse of squaring a number, is taking its square root.
The inverse of finding the cube root is cubing the number. For example, the cubed root of 27 is 3. 3 cubed, (or 33) is 27.
Squaring. Doubling is only multiplying a number by 2, whereas, squaring is multiplying a number by itself :)