Each circle defines the boundaries of a set, all of whose members share a characteristic. All objects with the characteristic are inside the circle, all those without that characteristic are outside.
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Venn diagrams were introduced in 1880 by John Venn (1834-1923) in a paper entitled On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings in the "Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", about the different ways to represent propositions by diagrams. Venn himself did not use the term "Venn diagram" and referred to his invention as "Eulerian Circles."
A Venn diagram gets unwieldy with a large number of observations.It is impossible (in 2-d) to have more than three categories (circles).
John Venn
july1880
Venn diagrams were conceived around 1880 by John Venn.