An exponent tells how many times the base is used as a factor.
10^3 = 10 x 10 x 10
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A negative exponent is the reciprocal of the corresponding positive exponent. 102 = 100 10-2 = 1/100
An exponent is the power that a number is raised to. For instance, in the expression 3^2 ("three squared"), 2 is the "exponent" and 3 is the "base." A positive exponent just means that the power is a positive number. For instance, the following expression does not involve a positive exponent: 3^(-2). Horses rule!!!!!
"Dose" is a measured portion of a medicine. I am not aware of any exponents that have anything to do with measured quantities of medication! A negative exponent is simply the reciprocal of the corresponding positive exponent. Thus x^(-a) = (1/x)^a for non-zero x.
A positive exponent means that decimals are added to the right of the base number. So 10 X 53 would be 5000. 10 X 5-3 would be .0005
This is a procedure used to help people who are new to negative exponents. A negative exponent, when moved to the other side of the fraction, becomes a positive exponent and beginners are more comfortable with working with positive fractions.