Fundamental theorem of arithmetic :-
Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique . apart from the other in which factors occur.
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The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 is either a prime number or can be written as a product of prime numbers. In the latter case, the prime numbers are uniquely determined apart from the order in which they appear. The theorem is also known as the unique prime factorisation theorem - for obvious reasons.
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They are the fundamental operations of arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Malthusian theorem is a population projection that suggests the population will exceed the available food supply because populations grow at geometric rates, while food supplies grow at arithmetic rates
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that any number greater then 1 can be expressed as the product of a unique set of primes. i.e. 6=3x2. If 1 was a prime number then 6=3x2x1=3x2x1x1 which means that the set of primes in no longer unique. They wanted the theorem to work, so mathematicians decided 1 can't be a prime number. Same goes for 0 becasue if 0 was a prime number then 0=0x2=0x3.