A set of kitchen scales marked to weigh in grammes.
Cup
To measure the area of an arbitrary two dimensional shape you will use a planimeter. To measure an area you could also just use a simple ruler depending on how big the area is.
You could measure a skateboard in decimeters. Remember, 1dm=10cm.
Temperature
You could.
You could say "writing utensil" or "writing instrument." Or for a verb, "sketch" or something.
Such an instrument could be called the Laser Scan Micrometer.
A ruler is an example of an instrument that can be used to measure relatively small linear distances, though it could not measure all three at once.
One could use a ruler.
The instrument you would use could be a beaker or a graduated cylinder.
a bathroom scale
You could measure distances between cities.
energy release
An altimeter.
A stopwatch could be used.
seismograph is one instrument that could measure earthquakes and volcanoes etc but seismograph is many times use at earthquake!
The most direct way to measure the angle of a hill would be to use a clinomiter. You could also use a level and staff.
We could use a laboratory scale to measure a mole of solid material. A mole represents Avogadro's number of atoms or molecules of the solid material. Table salt, sodium chloride, for instance has a weight of 58.44277 grams per mole. The scale in the chemistry lab would be the instrument to use to measure that and to measure out a mole of most other solids.