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Climate ratio is used to describe the moisture side of climate. It compares the precipitation (P) with the potential evapotranspiration (Ep) for a region. One way to do this is to express the relationship between them as a ratio using the formula:
Climate ratio = P / Ep
When the potential evaporation is greater than yearly precipitation, this ratio is less than 1. When precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration, the ratio is greater than 1.
P: precipitation (in mm) or the amount of moisture available for evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration is the combined process of evaporation and plant respiration.
Ep: potential evapotranspiration (in mm) or the amount of moisture needed for evapotranspiration. This value increases as temperature and plant life increase.
The climate ratios are used to determine climate type:
P/Ep:
Less than 0.4: arid climate
0.4 - 0.8: semiarid climate
0.8 - 1.2: subhumid climate
Greater than 1.2: humid climate
Source: NOAA
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