Conditional statements are also called "if-then" statements.
One example: "If it snows, then they cancel school."
The converse of that statement is "If they cancel school, then it snows."
The inverse of that statement is "If it does not snow, then they do not cancel school.
The contrapositive combines the two: "If they do not cancel school, then it does not snow."
In mathematics:
Statement: If p, then q.
Converse: If q, then p.
Inverse: If not p, then not q.
Contrapositive: If not q, then not p.
If the statement is true, then the contrapositive is also logically true. If the converse is true, then the inverse is also logically true.
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It is an adverb, used to form a negative, the opposite of a positive. "The sandwich is tasty." is a positive statement. "The sandwich is not tasty." is the negative of the first statement.
"Arbitrary" simply means any. So this refers to any positive integer. It may be used to make a statement that is true for every positive integer.
Prices rise when the government prints too much money.
In my experience, "batting 1000" is a very good, positive statement, as it means that you do well every time you try doing something.
The absolute value of any number is always positive. * * * * * The statement in the question is true; strictly speaking the answer is correct. The absolute value of 0 is 0, which is non-negative but is not positive. One exception is enough to falsify an "always".