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They were performing a prefrontal lobotomy through the perioccular orbit. In this procedure an ice-pick like tool is inserted into the brain and moved around to "disrupt" the brain. It was a barbaric medical procedure popular in Europe and the US in the 40s and 50s. Egad Moniz, the Spanish (or Portuguese) neurosurgeon who developed this "technique" won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this. Lobotomies were used to calm violent mentally ill patients, as well as not so violent patients. It was terrible period in medicine that thankfully was interrupted by common sense, scientific inquiry and the development of neuroleptic drugs.
Source(s):
Forensic psychopharmacologist, research scientist, author and taught neuropharmacology for 20 years and related neuroscience courses.
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